Act 4

Scene 1

To begin this scene the three witches go around a cauldron adding in ingredients for a potion. These ingredients are extremely strange things that lead us to believe it is a powerful potion. They use the well-known witch pattern of trochaic speaking reinforcing their nonhuman appearance. Hecate the main witch congratulates the three witches by saying “Oh well done! I commend your pains,” When Macbeth enters and after speaking to the Witches he is met by the first apparition.

The three apparitions

An armored head speaks to him “Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff. Beware the thane of Fife. Dismiss me. Enough.” This is meaning beware of Macduff. Beware the thane of fife. The second apparition then entered. A bloody child speaks. “Be bloody, bold, and resolute. Laugh to scorn The power of man, for none of woman born Shall harm Macbeth.” This apparition is saying that no one born from a woman will harm Macbeth. As everyone has to be born from a woman this apparition is telling him no one can harm him. The third apparition appears as a son of a king with a crown on his head holding a tree. “Be lion-mettled, proud, and take no care95Who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are. Macbeth shall never vanquish be until great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane hill Shall come against him.” This apparition tells him not to worry about those who hate him. He says that Macbeth will never be defeated.

Scene 2

Inside Macduff’s castle, Lady Macduff and her son are discussing the leaving of there Husband Macduff. The debate about what an honest man and a traitor are. Lady Macduff describes a traitor as “one that swears and lies” But she still doesn’t believe Macduff is a traitor. Even if he left her and her son, he was fighting for the greater good. She uses the line “Then liars and swearers are fools: for there are liars and swearers enow to beat the honest men and hang them up” She is saying that traitors and honest men become hard to tell apart if those who are traitors can stay innocent and those who are honest could end up being hung. lady Macduff also says that even if she uses the “womanly defense” meaning she hasn’t done anything. Is the excuse of doing nothing really innocent? To finish the scene her son is killed by the murderer and she tells Lady Macduff to escape.

Scene 3

Throughout this scene, The idea of a good man and a bad man is expressed as well as loyalty. Malcolm speaks about himself as a bad man to Macduff. “your wives, your daughters, Your matrons, and your maids, could not fill up the cistern of my lust.” He elaborates on his sexual desire to have sex with all the women. He also plans on Stealing the money of all the noblemen. This was a test of Macduff’s loyalty to either Malcolm, Macbeth, or Scotland. “O Scotland! Scotland” His belief is in the ideal of his country and his loyalty is in this. Malcolm’s beliefs and morals are also centered around Scotland so he respects th

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